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ISHAQ MUHAMMAD ISHAQ.
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A irin Wata ne na Shawwal a farko farkon sa, a Shekara ta 41 ko ta 43 bayan hijirah, Amru bn Ass bn Waa'il ya Mutu a Misra!. Amru Shine Babban Wazirin Mu'awiyya Dan Abi Sufyan Sarkin Shaam, kuma daya daga cikin Shahararrun Mutam hudu da Imamu Ali (as) ke yin addu'a a kan su a Al-Qunut din Sallolinsa, saboda irin tarnaqin da suka kawo wajen ci gaban Addinin nan namu na Musulunci!.
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TAKAITACCEN TARIHIN AMRU BN ASS:
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NASABARSA: Shi ne Amru bn Ass bn Waa'il bn Haashim bn Sa'id bn Saham bn Amru.
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WAYE ASS BN WAA'IL BABAN AMRU?
Ass bn Waa'il Mushriki ne kuma babban Makiyin Ma'aiki (Saww), kuma ma yana daga Cikin Mustahzi'uuna (Masu izgilanci da Ma'aiki Saww), wadan da Allah Swt ya daukar wa Kansu isar wa Ma'aiki a Kan su tun a garin Makkah.
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Malaman Tafsiri da yawan gaske sun ruwaici cewa: Ass bn Waa'il (Baban Amru) ayoyi da yawan gaske sun sauka a Kansa. Daga cikin su akwai ayoyin da ke cewa:
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"فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ * إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ"
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"Kuma ka tsaga (Ka bayyana) abin da ake umartar ka da shi, sannan ka kau da Kai daga Mushrikai. Lalle ne Mu Mun isar maka daga masu izgili". Suratul Hijri aya ta 94 da ta 95.
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Ibnu Kathir ya ambata cewa: "Ass bn Waa'il (Baban Amru) yana daga cikin manyan masu izgilanci ga Ma'aiki (Saww)". Tafsirin Ibnu Kathiir Juzu'i na 4 Shafi na 473.
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Haka ma wasu Malaman Tafsirin sun ambata cewa: Ass bn Waa'il shine ya kira Ma'aiki (Saww) da Abtar (Mai yankakken baya), sai Allah Swt ya saukar da Suratul Kauthar yana yi masa raddin mummunar maganar da yayi, Allah Swt ya ce: "Hakika makiyinka shine Abtar (Mai yankakken baya)". Tafsirin Qurdubiy Juzu'i na 20 Shafi na 222.
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As-Sheikh Az-Zarkaly a cikin Littafin Al-a'alaam Juzu'i na 3 Shafi na 247 ya ambata cewa: Ass bn Waa'il ya riski kiran Musulunci, amma ya nace a kan Shirka, kuma yana daga cikin Zindiqan da suka mutu suna Kafirai masu bautar Gumaka.
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Wannan shine Baban Amru bn Ass.
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WACE CE UWAR AMRU BN ASS?
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Uwar Amru bn Ass ita ce Salma 'Yar Harmatu daga Kabilar Bani Anazata, amma ana yi mata Lakabi da Naabigah, kuma ta fi shahara da hakan.
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Az-Zamhashariy ya ambata cewa: "Uwar Amru ita ce Naabigah, kuma ta kasance Kuyanga ce ga wani Mutum daga Anazata, sai aka ribace ta, sai Abdullahi bn Jad'aan ya siye ta, kuma ta kasance Mazinaciya ce sannan ya yanta ta, sai Abu Lahab da Umayyata bn Khalaf da Hishaam bn Mugiirah, da Abu Sufyaan, da Ass bn Wa'il, suka sadu da ita a cikin Tsarki daya sai ta haifi Amru, sai kowannen su yayi da'awar cewa Amru din Dansa ne, sai Uwar Amru din ta yanke hukunci da cewa: Ai Dan Ass bn Waa'il ne. Saboda ya kasance ya fi ciyar da ita da kula da ita fiye da saura. Amma an san Amru din ya fi kamaa da Abu Sufyan". Littafin Rabii'ul abraari na Zamhashariy, Juzu'i na 4, Shafi na 275.
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HAIHUWAR SA: Tarikhi bai iyakance lokacin da aka haifi Amru bn Ass ba, amma dai Malaman Tarikhi sun ce ya girmi Umar bn Khaddab, kamar yadda Amru din ya fada da Kansa yana cewa: Ina iya tuna Daren da aka haifi Umar (Umar bn Khaddab)". Siyaru a'alaamin Nubala, Juzu'i na 3 Shafi na 58.
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WASU DAGA CIKIN MIYAGUN ZANTUKANSA DA AYYUKANSA:
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1. An ruwaito cewa: Amru bn Ass ya hadu da Imamu Hasan (as) a wajen Dawafi, sai ya fara an fara gaya wa Imamu Hasan (as) wasu kalamai, yana cewa: Hakika Allah ya tsayar da wannan Addinin da Mu'awiyya ne ba da Ali ba. Kuma ya zargi Imamu Ali da kisan Uthman bn Afan, sannan ya zazzagi Imamu Hasan (as)!. Sai Imamu Hasan (as) ya mayar masa da jawabi yana cewa: "...Kai fa ba ka kasance komai ba face Najasa, Mu kuma 'Ya'Ya Gidan Tsarki ne, Allah ya tafiyar da Kazanta ga barin mu, ya kuma tsarkake Mu tsarkakewa". Littafin Al-Mahaasinu wal Adh-dad, na Al-Jaahiz, Shafi na 141.
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2. Yana daga cikin wadan da suka karfafa Mutane a wajen kashe Uthman bn Afan. Ibnu Kathiir ya ambata cewa: A lokacin da Uthman bn Afan ya tube Amru bn Ass daga Shugabancin Misra, sai (Amru din) ya tafi Madina, a cikin Zuciyar sa Al'amarin Uthman ya girmama, sai ya wajen Uthman din suka yi musayar maganganu dangane da hakan, Amru bn Ass yayi wa Uthman Alfakhari da Ubansa a kan Uban Uthman, kuma ya nuna Ubansa ya fi matsayi a kan Ubansa, sai Uthman yace da shi: Ka bar wannan domin yana daga al'amurra na Jahiliyyah. Sai Amru bn Ass ya fara yin shune (Ingizawa) a kan Uthman". Al-Bidaayah wannihayah, Juzu'i na 10 Shafi na 279 da na 271.
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Abdullahi bn Abbas ya fada yana magana da Amru bn Ass yace: Amma kai ya Amru kai ka ruruta wutar fitina a kan sa- Uthman- a Madina, ka gudu ka je Falastin kana tambayar Labaransa, a lokacin da ka samu labarin kashe shi sai Adawar ka da Ali ta tura ka zuwa ga haduwa da Mu'awiyya, ka sayar da Addininka da (Mulkin) Misra. Littafin Siyaru a'alaamin-Nubala na Zahabiy, Juzu'i na 3 Shafi na 73.
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3. Musharakar sa a wajen Kashe Muhammad bn Abibakar, suka kashe shi sannan suka saka jikinsa a cikin Mushen Jaki suka kona shi tare da Jakin har sai da Muhammad din ya zama gawayi!.
Ya zo a cikin Littafin Tarikhi na Dabariy cewa: Hakika Aisha 'Yar Abibakar ta kasance tana imani da cewa Mu'awiyya bn Abi Sufyan da Amru bn Ass su ne suka kashe Dan uwanta Muhammad bn Abi Bakar, kuma a lokacin da labarin kashe shi ya zo mata ta girgiza girgiza mai tsanani!, kuma ta yi Al-Qunuti a bayan Sallah tana addu'a a kan Mu'awiyya da Amru. Littafin Tarikhud-Dabariy, Juzu'i na 5 Shafi na 105.
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4. Shine ya shirya yadda aka ba wa Malik bn Ashtar (R.A) Guba a cikin Zuma yayi Shahada, a kan hanyar sa ta zuwa Misra bayan Shahadar Muhammad bn Abibakar.
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5. Ibnu Abil Hadid Al-Mu'utaziliy, ya ce: Shehinmu Abu Abdillahi yana cewa: Farkon wanda ya fito da Akidar cewa sabo ba ya cutarwa tare da Imani shine Mu'awiyya da Amru bn Ass, sun kasance suna raya cewa: Saabo ba ya cutarwa tare da Imani, saboda haka ne Mu'awiyya ya bayar da amsa ga wanda tambaye so cewa: Ka yaki wanda kai ka San shi, Ka kuma aikata zunubin da kai ka San shi. Sai Mu'awiyya yace da shi: Na amintu ne da fadar Allah Swt cewa: "Hakika Allah yana gafarta zunubbai gaba daya". Suratuz-Zumar aya ta 53.
Littafin Sharhin Nahjul Balagha na Ibnu Abil Hadid, Juzu'i na 6 Shafi na 255.
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Saboda haka kenan a Akidar Mu'awiyya da Amru bn Ass duk zunubin da Mutum ya aikata kada ma ya damu matukar dai yana da Imani, domin Allah yana gafarta Zunubbai gaba daya!!. A kan wannan muguwar Akidar ta su ce aka samu Firqar da ake kira Murji'ah, suka dora Akidarsu ta Irjaa'i a kai!
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6. Amru bn Ass ya halarci Yakokin Badar da Uhud da Khandaq, duk dai wajen yunkurin kawar da Ma'aiki (Saww) da Da'awar sa!.
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7. Amru ne ya shirya dasisar daga Mus'hafin Alkur'ani a Yakin Siffin, ya yi yaudarar cewa wai a tsayar da Yaki a duba Alkur'ani a yi hukunci a ga tsakanin Ali da Mu'awiyya wa ya fi cancanta? Sai a mika masa Jagoranci!. Wannan yaudarar da yayi kuwa ita ce ta samar da Fitinar Khawariju, wadan da daga Kur'anin ya fitinar da Su suka balle suka bar Imamu Ali (as), Kai suka ma Kafirta Imam (as)!, har aka samu Abdurrahman bn Muljim a cikin Su ya iya kaiwa ga Shahadantar da Imamu Ali (as)!. A duba Littafin Siffin na Nasr bn Muzahim.
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8. Amru ne ya zama tsirara tumbur! a gaban dubun dubatan Mutane a lokacin da ya fito zai yi wai mubaraza da Imamu Ali (as) a Siffin!, ai yana ganin Inuwar Zulfikar a kasan Kansa yayi sauri ya kware Al'aurarsa!! Sai Imam (as) ya juya ya bar shi.
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9. Haka ma ya zo a cikin Littattafan Tarikhi cewa: A lokacin da Mu'awiyya ya nemi ya dafa masa kan Yaqar Imam Ali (as) sai yace da Mu'awiyya: Me za a ba ni na lada? Sai Mu'awiyya yace da Shi: Zan ba ka gwamnan Misra ne. Sai Amru yace: Ni kam ba zan sai Wuta da Misra ba. Sai Mu'awiyya yace da Shi: To za mu yi mulki tare ne. Sai Amru yace: To ka ji magana kam!, na yarda.
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AMRU BN ASS A HARSHEN MA'AIKI (SAWW) DA AHLUL BAITI (AS).
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Amru bn Ass tsinanne ne a Harshen Manzon Allah (Saww) da Ahlul baiti (as). Ga wasu daga cikin Ruwayoyin da ke fallasa waye Amru bn Ass:
1. Ya zo a ruwaya cewa: Wata rana Ubaadata bn Saamit ya zauna tsakanin Mu'awiyya da Amru, sai yace da Su: Mun kasance tare da Ma'aiki (Saww) a Yakin Tabuuk, sai ya kalle Ku alhali kuna tafiya kuna labari, sai ya juyo gare mu yace: "Idan kuka gan Su (Mu'awiyya da Amru) sun hadu Ku raba a tsakanin Su, domin har abada ba za su taba haduwa a kan Alkhairi ba". Littafin Al-Iqdul Fariid na Ibnu Abdi Rabbih, Juzu'i na 5, Shafi na 93.
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2. Imamu Ali (as) ya rubuta Takarda zuwa ga Amru bn Ass yace: Daga Bawan Allah Amirul Mu'uminina zuwa ga Abtar (Mai yankakken baya) Dan Abtar Amru bn Ass bn Waa'il Makiyin Muhammad da Iyalan Muhammad a Jahiliyya da kuma a Musulunci........". Ibnu Abil Hadid a cikin Sharhin Nahjul Balagah, Juzu'i na 16 Shafi na 163.
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3. Dabari ya ruwaito cewa: Hakika Ali (as) ya kasance yana idan yayi Sallar Asubah yana yin Al-Qunut yana cewa: "Allah ka la'anci Mu'awiyya, da Amru, da Abul A'awar as-Salamiy, da Habib, da Abdurrahman bn Khaalid, da Dahhaak bn Qais, da Walidu. A lokacin da labarin hakan ya sami Mu'awiyya, sai shi ma ya dinga La'antar Ali da Abdullahi bn Abbas da Ashtar da Hasan da Husain a cikin Qunuutinsa". Tarikhud-Dabariy Juzu'i na 5 Shafi na 71.
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4. Nasr bn Muzaahim ya ruwaito cewa: Ali ya kasance idan yayi Sallar Asubah da Magriba ya kammala, ya kan ce: "Allah ka la'anci Mu'awiyya da Amru da Abu Musa (Al-ash'ariy) da Habib bn Salamah". Kitaabu Siffin, na Nasr bn Muzaahim, Shafi na 302.
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5. Haka ma Nasar bn Muzaahim ya sake ambata cewa: A lokacin da Mutanen Sham suka daga Mus'hafofi a kan Tsinin Masu a ranar Siffin suna kira zuwa ga yin Hukunci da AlKur'ani, sai Ali alaihis-Salam yace: "Ya bayin Allah, Ni ne na fi cancata da in karba wa Littafin Allah, amma Mu'awiyya da Amru bn Ass da Ibnu Abi Mu'aidin, da Habib bn Maslamah da Ibnu Abi Sarh, ba ma'abuta Addini ba ne balle kuma Alkur'ani, Ni na fi Ku sanin su, na zauna tare da Su a Yarinta, na kuma zauna da su a Manyantaka, sun kasance mafiya sharrin Yara kuma mafiya Sharrin Manya, wannan Kalma ce ta gaskiya amma barna aka nufa da ita, wallahi ba su daga Su (Mus'ahafofin Alkur'anin) ba face sun San su amma ba su yi aiki da su ba, kuma ba su daga su ba sai domin yaudara da Makidah". Kitabu Siffin na Nasr bn Muzaahim Shafi na 264.
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6. Imamu Hasan (as) ya fada a gaban Mu'awiyya da sauran Jama'u ya nuna Amru ya ce: Amma kai Dan Ass, al'amarinka na tarayya ne, Uwarka ta haife ka kana wanda aka jahilta (Ba a San Ubanka ba) ta hanyar Zina da Mutum hudu daga Quraishawa, sai Mahocinsa yayi galaba a kan ka, wanda shine mafi kaskancin su a matsayi na gida, kuma mafi munin su a matsayi na mukami, sannan Babanka ya tsaya yace: Ni ne Makiyin Muhammad mai yankakken baya. Allah ya saukar da abin da ya saukar dangane da hakan, sannan ka Yaaqi Manzon Allah a cikin dukkan fagagen Yaaqi, ka aibata shi ka cutata masa a Makka, ka kulla masa dukkan Kaidi, kuma ka kasance daga cikin mafi tsanantawar Mutane a Karyata shi da yin adawa da shi". Littafin Sharhin Nahjul Balaagah na Ibnu Abil Hadid, Juzu'i na 6 Shafi na 291.
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7. Abdullahi bn Abbas ya rubuta Takarda zuwa ga Amru yana cewa: "Bayan haka, hakika Ni ban San wani Mutum ba a Larabara da ya fi karancin Kunya kamar Kai, kawai Mu'awiyya ne ya juyar da Kai zuwa ga Son ransa, ka sayar masa da addinin ka da dukiya kadan, sannan ka sanya mutane a cikin baganniya ba tare da tunani ba, saboda neman Mulki kwai....". Waaqi'atu Siffin na Al-Minqariy Shafi na 412.
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MUTUWAR SA: Malaman Tarikhi sun rubuta cewa: A lokacin da Amru bn zai mutu an ji yana cewa: Ina jin kamar an Dora Tsaunukan Radhwa ne a kan Wuyana, kuma ina jin kamar Qayayu ne a cikin Cikina, kuma ina jin kamar Ruhina zai fita ne daga kussuwar Allura!. Littafin Tarikhu Dimashaq, Juzu'i na 47 Shafi na 192. Faidhul Allam, Shafi na 62. Ad-Dabaqaatul Kubrah Juzu'i na 4 Shafi na 260. Nahjus-Sa'aadah Juzu'i na 8 Shafi na 360.
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Amru bn Ass ya mutu ne yana da Shekaru kusan 90 a Duniya, kuma Dansa Abdullahi ne yayi masa Sallah, sannan aka binne shi a muhallin da ake kira Muqad'd'am. Muqad'd'amu wani tsauni ne da ke gabas da birnin Alkahirah ta Masar.
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